Cutter

Reduce friction at the tool‐chip interface
Machining

Machining

Chips generated during machining flow over the rake surface of the cutting tool before it leaves the machining zone. Intense rubbing under high contact pressure between flowing chip and rake surface leads to excessive heat generation. The contact region also gives rise to secondary deformation zone that contributes over 70% of the total cutting heat. Although majority of the cutting heat generated in secondary deformation zone flows away with the

Tool rake angle conversion from ORS to ASA – calculate PCEA
Machining

Machining, Numerical

Question: In a single point turning tool, the side rake angle and orthogonal rake angle are equal. φ is the principal cutting edge angle and its range is 0° ≤φ≤ 90°. The chip flows in the orthogonal plane. Determine the value of φ. [GATE 2008] Answer: Although in majority of the analysis for straight turning, it is assumed that the chip is flowing in orthogonal direction, but actually chip flow

Minimum shear strain in turning with a zero rake angle cutter
Machining

Machining, Numerical

Question: Determine the theoretically minimum possible shear strain in orthogonal turning with a cutting tool of zero orthogonal rake angle. [ESE 2009] Solution: Metal cutting processes are employed to remove excess material from workpiece to impart desired shape and finish. This material removal takes place by shearing when a wedge shaped cutting tool compresses a layer of workpiece material. The cutting strain developed due to shearing is termed as shear

Three possibilities of rake angle – positive, negative and zero
Machining

Machining

Rake angle of a cutting tool is defined as the angle of inclination of the rake face from the reference plane as measured on some other plane. Based on the orientation of the rake face with respect to reference plane, rake angle can be either positive, zero or negative. A positive rake offers sharp and narrow wedge at the cutting edge and thus facilitates easy shearing of the workpiece material.

Lip angle and point angle in single point turning tool
Machining

Machining

The angle between the face and flank surface of a single point cutting tool is termed as lip angle or wedge angle. There exist another confusing angle called point angle, which is the angle between principal cutting edge and auxiliary cutting edge. Lip angle is the angle between the rake surface and flank surface when viewed on orthogonal plane. Point angle is the angle between the principal cutting edge and

Parting or grooving operation in lathe
Machining

Machining

A single point cutting tool is characterized by the presence of only one active cutting edge in the tool body that participates in material removal action during machining. Turning tool, boring tool, parting tool, shaping tool, planing tool and fly cutting tool are examples of single point cutters. In contrary, a multi-point cutting tool contains several active cutting edges that simultaneously take part in machining. For example, milling cutter, reaming