Machining

Schematic representation of shear angle in machining
Machining

Machining, Numerical

Question: During orthogonal machining of mild steel with a 10° orthogonal rake angle tool, the chip thickness ratio was found to be 0.4. Determine the shear angle. [GATE 2001] Solution: In conventional metal cutting processes, chip gets thickened after machining, and thus chip thickness (a2) becomes larger than uncut chip thickness (a1). The ratio between uncut chip thickness and chip thickness is termed as Chip Thickness Ratio (CTR). Its value

Three possibilities of rake angle – positive, negative and zero
Machining

Machining

Rake angle of a cutting tool is defined as the angle of inclination of the rake face from the reference plane as measured on some other plane. Based on the orientation of the rake face with respect to reference plane, rake angle can be either positive, zero or negative. A positive rake offers sharp and narrow wedge at the cutting edge and thus facilitates easy shearing of the workpiece material.

List of independent and dependent variables in machining
Machining

Machining

Machining or metal cutting is the process of gradual material removal from the workpiece with the assistance of a cutter. Quality of the machined object is not the only one parameter to judge machining performance. Independent variables are those that controls overall machining performance. Dependent variables are used to measure the machining or analyse overall machining performance. Thus dependent variables rely on independent variables. So independent variables can be altered

Lip angle and point angle in single point turning tool
Machining

Machining

The angle between the face and flank surface of a single point cutting tool is termed as lip angle or wedge angle. There exist another confusing angle called point angle, which is the angle between principal cutting edge and auxiliary cutting edge. Lip angle is the angle between the rake surface and flank surface when viewed on orthogonal plane. Point angle is the angle between the principal cutting edge and

Parting or grooving operation in lathe
Machining

Machining

A single point cutting tool is characterized by the presence of only one active cutting edge in the tool body that participates in material removal action during machining. Turning tool, boring tool, parting tool, shaping tool, planing tool and fly cutting tool are examples of single point cutters. In contrary, a multi-point cutting tool contains several active cutting edges that simultaneously take part in machining. For example, milling cutter, reaming

Relation between cutting velocity and spindle speed in straight turning
Machining

Machining, Numerical

Question: Carbide tool is used to machine a 30mm diameter steel shaft at a spindle speed of 1000 revolutions per minute. What is the cutting velocity of the above turning operation? Solution: In straight turning operation, the cylindrical workpiece is rotated at a fixed spindle speed (measured in rpm or revolution per minute); while, the single point turning tool is fed in longitudinal direction at a pre-defined feed rate (measured